Monday, September 29, 2014

Midterm Exam Study Guide

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 8

The midterm exam will cover chapters 1-7 of Women, Art, and Society and this is how it will be constructed:
20 vocabulary terms (match the term to its definition) worth 2 points each.
20 multiple choice questions worth 2 points each
1 essay question focusing on conversations and/or lectures we've had in class worth 20 points.

The 20 vocabulary terms will be pulled directly from the "Terms Of The Day" lists I have given you at the beginning of each class period. Study these lists well enough to be able to match each term on the left side of the page with its particular definition on the right side of the page.

The 20 multiple choice questions come from both the class lectures and from the book. There will be questions on the test that we never addressed in class; they come directly from the book.  The questions in this section will range from those that test how well you understand the definitions of terms to questions about specific artworks that you have seen, to questions about the cultural, religious, and political environments that contributed to the work.

Let me give you four example questions (yes, these will be on the test just as you see them here):

Under feudalism in Middle Ages Europe, the lives of the majority of both men and women (and often children) were organized around _______________.
A. Construction
B. Art
C. Work
D. Leisure

In 15th century Florence, opportunities became more scarce for women artists.  What development contributed to this?
A. There was an increasing separation of life into public and private sectors which valued women in domestic roles.
B. Women were not trained in science or mathematics and were not allowed to not allowed to study life drawing from nude models.
C. Art, science and mathematics became intricately connected.
D. All of the above.

The 18th century writer and intellectual _____________ formulated much of the Enlightenment's view of women artists when he claimed that the recent gains in power and influence of women was “unnatural” and detrimental to the values of the burgeoning middle-class.
A. Jacques-Louis David
B. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
C. Madame de Pompadour
D. Jean-Antoine Watteau

The best advice I can give you on how to study for this portion of the exam is to comb through all your notes you've taken in class, remind yourself of all the main concepts you've learned, familiarize yourself with all the "Terms Of The Day," and to make sure you have read the material in the book. Pay special attention to how each artwork serves as an example to illustrate a concept. Don't just depend on what I have told you in class.  About 60% of these questions will come directly from lecture, but you don't want to be thrown off by the questions that are based on the book alone.

The essay topic focusing on a combination of the book, lectures, and conversations we had in class will require you to write two or more paragraphs in response and will be chosen from the three topics listed below:

  1. Define the Male Gaze, and explain how it was depicted in the work of many male artists of the Renaissance.  Name one female artist you have studied and describe something she did in order to avoid the Male Gaze in her work.
  2. During the 15th and 16th centuries, Florence and Bologna had extremely different environments for women artists.  What were the differences which made Florence less conducive for women and Bologna a more liberal environment for women?  How do the self-portraits of Sofonisba Anguissola (Florence) and Artemisia Gentileschi (Bologna) demonstrate these contrasting environments?
  3. In the 18th century, Rococo art rose to prominence, due in great part to the salonnières.  Who were the salonnières, what role did they play in the art and intellectual scene in France, and what institutions did the French government and Enlightenment intellectuals put in place that removed their power?
The best way to study for this essay is to carefully read each of these questions and think about what you might write in response.  Each of them is based on lectures and/or a group discussion from class, but they are phrased to make you think critically about certain concepts. This is meant to test how well you have been paying attention to the concepts you've been learning in this class. If you understand the topics and concepts we've been going over in class well enough to apply them to questions that were never directly asked in class, then you have made good use of the first half of your semester. Consult your notes and the book.  Maybe practice what you would write for each question.


Study hard, and good luck to everyone. If you have taken good notes, if you have read the chapters, and if you have spent some time really trying to understand the "Terms Of The Day" then this exam shouldn't be difficult for you.


P.S. The exam will be the only thing we do that day. So, once you're finished with it, you are free to go.

Slide Images for September 29

Caspar David Friedrich
Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog
1818

 Eugene Delacroix
Algerian Women in Their Apartments
1834

Joseph M. W. Turner
The Burning of the Houses of Parliament
1834

 “Lady Students at the National Gallery”
Illustrated London News
November 21, 1885

 Ford Madox Brown
Work
1843

 Edith Hayllar
Feeding the Swans
1889

 Alice Walker
Wounded Feelings
1861

 Clementina, Lady Hawarden
Photograph of a Model
1860s

Ford Madox Brown
Take Your Son, Sir!
c. 1857

  Holman Hunt
The Awakening Conscience
1854

Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Found
1854

Terms of the Day for September 29

  • Romanticism – an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that gained momentum in 19th century Europe and the Americas.  It was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.  Artists explored strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror, terror, and awe—especially when confronted by untamed nature and the “exotic”.
  • The Victorian Era - the period of Queen Victoria's reign over the British Empire from 1837 until her death in 1901. It was a long period of peace, prosperity, refined sensibilities, and national self-confidence for Britain.  The period was also marked by a rising middle class, sexual repression, and a renewed division of public and private life.


Friday, September 26, 2014

Slide Images for September 24

 Jacques-Louis David
The Oath of the Horatii
1783-1784

 Angelica Kauffman
Zeuxis Selecting Models for His Picture of Helen of Troy
c. 1763

Jacques-Louis David
Le Serment du Jeu de Paume (unfinished)
1893

 Angelica Kauffman
Cornelia Presenting Her Children, as Her Treasures
1785

Angelica Kauffman
Design in the ceiling of the central hall of the Royal Academy, London
1778

 Anna Vallayer-Coster
Still-life with Lobster
1767

 Elisabeth-Louise Vigée-Lebrun
Portrait of Marie Antoinette with Her Children
1787

 Elisabeth-Louise Vigée-Lebrun
Portrait of the Artist with Her Daughter
1789

 Elisabeth-Louise Vigée-Lebrun
Hubert Robert
1788

 Adélaïde Labille-Guiard
The Sculptor Augustin Pajou
1783

Adélaïde Labille-Guiard
Madame Adélaïde
1787

 Adélaïde Labille-Guiard
Self-Portrait with Two Pupils
1785

Terms of the Day for September 24

  • The Age of the Enlightenment - (also known as the Enlightenment or Age of Reason) A cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th-century Europe that sought to mobilize the power of reason in order to reform society and advance knowledge. It promoted science and intellectual interchange and opposed superstition, intolerance, and abuses in church and state.
  • Neoclassicism – (meaning “new classical”) An artistic movement of 18th-century Europe in which there was a revival of classic antiquity in art, architecture, and literature, inspired directly from the ancient Greek and Roman periods, as a rejection of Rococo era art.  Based in the philosophies of the Enlightenment, Neoclassical art promotes morality and reason and rejects oppression of church or state.
  • Planarity – a term that refers to the placement of objects and figures parallel to the picture plane in a drawing or painting
  • Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture – a French royal art institution founded to professionalize the artists working for the French court and give them a stamp of approval that artists of the St. Luke's guild did not have.
  • Salon (Paris) – a term used for the regular organized official exhibitions of art held by the  Académie de Peinture et Sculpture in France. To show at a salon, a young artist needed to be received by the Académie by first submitting an artwork to the jury; only Académie artists could be shown in the salons.


Monday, September 22, 2014

Slide Images for September 22

Jean-Antoine Watteau
A Pilgrimage to Cythera
1717

 Jean-Honoré Fragonard
The Swing
1767

 Jean-Honoré Fragonard
The Stolen Kiss
1788

 François Boucher
Madame de Pompadour
1750


 The Boucher Room
The Frick Collection, 
New York City

François Boucher
Boudoir Décor (Paintings)
1750-1752

 Rosalba Carriera
Louis XV of France as Dauphin
1720-21

 Rosalba Carriera
Antoine Watteau
1721

 Marie-Anne Loir
Portrait of Gabrielle-Emilie le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise du Châtelet
1745-49

 Catherine Read
Portrait of George Henry Fitzroy, Earl of Euston and Lady Georgina Fitzroy
c. 1760s

Mary Delany
Palseflora Launfolia, Bay Leaved
1774-88

Mary Delany
Flower Collage (detail)
1774-88

Terms of the Day for September 22

  • Rococo – An 18th century artistic movement that rejected the dark palette and political nature of Baroque art in favor of lighter, more frivolous, wittier themes, bright pastel colors, and an abundance of decoration. 
  • Salon (Private) – a gathering of people under the roof of an inspiring host, held partly to amuse one another and partly to refine the taste and increase the knowledge of the participants through conversation.  In the 18th century, these private intellectual gatherings also became a venue for exhibiting art.
  • Salonnière – the female host of a salon gathering and patron of the arts.

Wednesday, September 17, 2014

Slide Images for September 17

 Judith Leyster
Self-Portrait
c. 1635

 Judith Leyster
The Proposition
1631

 Dirck van Baburen
The Procuress
1622

 Judith Leyster
A Woman Sewing by Candlelight
1633

 Judith Leyster
Tulip
1643

Clara Peeters
Vanitas
c. 1610

 Clara Peeters
Still-Life of Fish and Cat
c. 1620s

Clara Peeters
Still Life with Cheeses, Artichoke, and Cherries
c. 1625

Maria Sibylla Merian
Alligator and Snake
1730

 Maria Sibylla Merian
Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium
1705

John James Audubon
Illustration from Birds of America
1840

Slide Images for September 15

 Caterina van Hemessen
Portrait of a Woman
Early 1540s

 Caterina van Hemessen
Portrait of a Lady
1551

 Caterina van Hemessen
Self-Portrait
1548

 Levina Teerlinc
Princess Elizabeth I
c. 1550s

 Levina Teerlinc
Portrait of Lady Katherine Grey
c. 1555-1560

 Levina Teerlinc
Elizabeth as Princess of England
1550

 Levina Teerlinc
Portrait of Elizabeth I 
1565

 First Great Seal of Elizabeth I
Probably based on a design by Levina Teerlinc
1559

 Pieter Aertsen
The Meat Stall
1551

 Pieter Bruegel the Elder
The Return of the Hunters
1565

 Jan Vermeer
The Milkmaid
c. 1657-1558

 Jan Vermeer
Woman Holding a Balance
c. 1664

 Geertruydt Roghman
Woman Spinning
Before 1650

 Jan Vermeer
The Lacemaker
c. 1665-1668

Geertruydt Roghman
Two Women Sewing
c. 1650